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Treating wastewater under zero waste principle using wetland mesocosms

Safaa M. Ezzat, Mohammed T. Mohammed T.

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1351-9

摘要： Abstract • Smart wetland was designed to treat wastewater according to zero waste principle. • The system included a dynamic roughing filter, Cyperus papyrus (L.) and zeolite. • It removed 98.8 and 99.8% of chemical and bacterial pollutants in 3 days. • The effluent reused to irrigate a landscape and the sludge recycled as fertilizer. • The plant biomass is a profitable resource for antibacterial and antioxidants. The present investigation demonstrates the synergistic action of using a sedimentation unit together with Cyperus papyrus (L.) wetland enriched with zeolite mineral in one-year round experiment for treating wastewater. The system was designed to support a horizontal surface flow pattern and showed satisfactory removal efficiencies for both physicochemical and bacteriological contaminants within 3 days of residence time. The removal efficiencies ranged between 76.3% and 98.8% for total suspended solids, turbidity, iron, biological oxygen demand, and ammonia. The bacterial indicators (total and fecal coliforms, as well as fecal streptococci) and the potential pathogens (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) showed removal efficiencies ranged between 96.9% and 99.8%. We expect the system to offer a smart management for every component according to zero waste principle. The treated effluent was reused to irrigate the landscape of pilot area, and the excess sludge was recycled as fertilizer and soil conditioner. The zeolite mineral did not require regeneration for almost 36 weeks of operation, and enhanced the density of shoots (14.11%) and the height of shoots (15.88%). The harvested plant biomass could be a profitable resource for potent antibacterial and antioxidant bioactive compounds. This could certainly offset part of the operation and maintenance costs and optimize the system implementation feasibility. Although the experiment was designed under local conditions, its results could provide insights to upgrade and optimize the performance of other analogous large-scale constructed wetlands.

关键词： Wastewater     dynamic roughing filter     Cyperus papyrus (L.)     zeolite     zero waste    

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Implicit Heaviside filter with high continuity based on suitably graded THB splines

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第17卷 第1期   页码 14-14 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0670-2

摘要： The variable density topology optimization (TO) method has been applied to various engineering fields because it can effectively and efficiently generate the conceptual design for engineering structures. However, it suffers from the problem of low continuity resulting from the discreteness of both design variables and explicit Heaviside filter. In this paper, an implicit Heaviside filter with high continuity is introduced to generate black and white designs for TO where the design space is parameterized by suitably graded truncated hierarchical B-splines (THB). In this approach, the fixed analysis mesh of isogeometric analysis is decoupled from the design mesh, whose adaptivity is implemented by truncated hierarchical B-spline subjected to an admissible requirement. Through the intrinsic local support and high continuity of THB basis, an implicit adaptively adjusted Heaviside filter is obtained to remove the checkboard patterns and generate black and white designs. Threefold advantages are attained in the proposed filter: a) The connection between analysis mesh and adaptive design mesh is easily established compared with the traditional adaptive TO method using nodal density; b) the efficiency in updating design variables is remarkably improved than the traditional implicit sensitivity filter based on B-splines under successive global refinement; and c) the generated black and white designs are preliminarily compatible with current commercial computer aided design system. Several numerical examples are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed implicit Heaviside filter in compliance and compliant mechanism as well as heat conduction TO problems.

关键词： topology optimization     truncated hierarchical B-spline     isogeometric analysis     black and white designs     Heaviside filter    

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一种针对测试误差、参数误差和负荷突变故障分析的多功能动态状态估计器 Article

Mehdi AHMADI JIRDEHI,Reza HEMMATI,Vahid ABBASI,Hedayat SABOORI

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第17卷 第11期   页码 1218-1227 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500301

摘要： 本文提出了一种基于卡尔曼滤波理论的动态状态估计新算法，可有效探测、识别并校正电力系统中的测试误差和支路参数误差。同时，该算法亦可成功探测和识别电力系统中的负荷突变。该方法在每段取样时间内，采用三种归一化向量对误差进行处理，包括归一化测量残差，归一化拉格朗日乘子，以及归一化新息向量。在IEEE14节点测试系统上对所提出的算法进行了可行性和效能验证，并通过对数值结果的呈示和讨论，说明了该方法的精确度。

关键词： 动态状态估计器；卡尔曼滤波；测试误差；支路参数误差；负荷突变    

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Anovel approach of noise statistics estimate using H∞ filter in target tracking

Xie WANG,Mei-qin LIU,Zhen FAN,Sen-lin ZHANG

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第17卷 第5期   页码 449-457 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500262

摘要： Noise statistics are essential for estimation performance. In practical situations, however, a priori information of noise statistics is often imperfect. Previous work on noise statistics identification in linear systems still requires initial prior knowledge of the noise. A novel approach is presented in this paper to solve this paradox. First, we apply the H∞ filter to obtain the system state estimates without the common assumptions about the noise in conventional adaptive filters. Then by applying state estimates obtained from the H∞ filter, better estimates of the noise mean and covariance can be achieved, which can improve the performance of estimation. The proposed approach makes the best use of the system knowledge without a priori information with modest computation cost, which makes it possible to be applied online. Finally, numerical examples are presented to show the efficiency of this approach.

关键词： Noise estimate     H∞     filter     Target tracking    

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Isolation and application of an ibuprofen-degrading bacterium to a biological aerated filter for the

Bingjie Xu, Gang Xue, Xing Yang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1080-5

摘要：

• An ibuprofen-degrading strain, Serratia marcescens BL1, was isolated and identified.

• The effects of various factors on ibuprofen degradation by BL1 were evaluated.

• Strain BL1 was applied to a laboratory-scale biological aerated filter system.

• Strain BL1 was stable in both static tests and in the biological aerated filter system.

关键词： Ibuprofen     Biological aerated filter     Degrading bacterium     Serratia marcescens    

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Rapid transaction to load variations of active filter supplied by PV system

M. BENADJA,S. SAAD,A. BELHAMRA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第3期   页码 335-344 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0325-7

摘要： This paper deals with the analysis and control of a photovoltaic (PV) system connected to the main supply through a Boost converter and shunt active filter supplied by a PV system providing continuous supply of nonlinear load in variation. A robust control of a PV system connected to the grid while feeding a variable nonlinear load is developed and highlighted. This development is based on the control of the Boost converter to extract the maximum power from the PV system using the Perturb and Observe (P and O) algorithm in the presence of temperature and illumination. The proposed modeling and control strategy provide power to the variable nonlinear load and facilitates the transfer of power from solar panel to the grid while improving the quality of energy (harmonic currents compensation, power factor compensation and dc bus voltage regulation). Validation of the developed model and control strategy is conducted using power system simulator Sim-Power System Blockset Matlab/Simulink. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the shunt active filter to load changes, the method of instantaneous power ( theory) is used to identify harmonic currents. The obtained results show an accurate extraction of harmonic currents and perfect compensation of both reactive power and harmonic currents with a lower THD and in accordance with the IEEE-519 standard.

关键词： solar panels     maximum power point tracking (MPPT)     DC/DC converter (Boost)     shunt active filter     instantaneous power control     power quality     harmonics     imbalances     reactive energy    

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Effect of biological activated carbon filter depth and backwashing process on transformation of biofilm

Wanqi Qi, Weiying Li, Junpeng Zhang, Xuan Wu, Jie Zhang, Wei Zhang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1100-0

摘要：

We studied BAC biofilm during the process of initial operation and backwash.

Microbial diversity decreased gradually with the increase of BAC filter depth.

Proteobacteria dominated at the phylum level among the BAC biofilm samples.

α-proteobacteria increased about 10% in all carbon filter depth after backwash.

关键词： Biological activated carbon     Biofilm     Community structure     Carbon filter depth     High-throughput sequencing    

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Ceramic water filter for point-of-use water treatment in developing countries: Principles, challenges

Haiyan Yang, Shangping Xu, Derek E. Chitwood, Yin Wang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1254-9

摘要： • CWF is a sustainable POU water treatment method for developing areas. • CWF manufacturing process is critical for its filtration performance. • Simultaneous increase of flow rate and pathogen removal is a challenge. • Control of pore size distribution holds promises to improve CWF efficiency. • Novel coatings of CWFs are a promising method to improve contaminant removal. Drinking water source contamination poses a great threat to human health in developing countries. Point-of-use (POU) water treatment techniques, which improve drinking water quality at the household level, offer an affordable and convenient way to obtain safe drinking water and thus can reduce the outbreaks of waterborne diseases. Ceramic water filters (CWFs), fabricated from locally sourced materials and manufactured by local labor, are one of the most socially acceptable POU water treatment technologies because of their effectiveness, low-cost and ease of use. This review concisely summarizes the critical factors that influence the performance of CWFs, including (1) CWF manufacturing process (raw material selection, firing process, silver impregnation), and (2) source water quality. Then, an in-depth discussion is presented with emphasis on key research efforts to address two major challenges of conventional CWFs, including (1) simultaneous increase of filter flow rate and bacterial removal efficiency, and (2) removal of various concerning pollutants, such as viruses and metal(loid)s. To promote the application of CWFs, future research directions can focus on: (1) investigation of pore size distribution and pore structure to achieve higher flow rates and effective pathogen removal by elucidating pathogen transport in porous ceramic and adjusting manufacture parameters; and (2) exploration of new surface modification approaches with enhanced interaction between a variety of contaminants and ceramic surfaces.

关键词： Point-of-use water treatment     Ceramic water filter     Bacterial removal     Surface modification     Water quality    

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Influence of influent on anaerobic ammonium oxidation in an Expanded Granular Sludge Bed-Biological Aerated Filter

Daijun ZHANG, Cui BAI, Ting TANG, Qing YANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 291-297 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0270-6

摘要： Shortcut nitrification-denitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX), and methanogenesis have been successfully coupled in an Expanded Granular Sludge Bed-Biological Aerated Filter (EGSB-BAF) integrated system. As fed different synthetic wastewater with chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 300–1200 mg·L and of 30–120 mg·L at the outer recycle ratio of 200%, the influence of influent on ANAMMOX in the integrated system was investigated in this paper. The experimental results showed that higher COD concentration caused an increase in denitrification and methanogenesis but a decrease in ANAMMOX; however, when an influent with the low concentration of COD was used, the opposite changes could be observed. Higher influent concentration favored ANAMMOX when the COD concentration of influent was fixed. Therefore, low ratio would decrease competition for nitrite between ANAMMOX and denitrification, which was favorable for reducing the negative effect of organic COD on ANAMMOX. The good performance of the integrated system indicated that the bacterial community of denitrification, ANAMMOX, and methanogenesis could be dynamically maintained in the sludge of EGSB reactor for a certain range of influent.

关键词： Expanded Granular Sludge Bed-Biological Aerated Filter (EGSB-BAF) integrated system     the influence of influent     anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX)     shortcut nitrification-denitrification     methano-genesis    

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A simple digital control algorithm for three phase shunt active filter: simulation and experimentation

Subbaraman SRINATH, Chandan KUMAR, M. P. SELVAN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第1期   页码 119-128 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0288-0

摘要： A novel and simple control algorithm using digital signal processor (DSP) has been proposed and realized for a three phase shunt active filter (SAF). The simulation and prototype construction of SAF is conducted to compensate the reactive power and harmonics in a distribution system. The major feature of the proposed algorithm is that it does not require unit vector templates and any transformations for the reference current generation of SAF. This reduces the computational complexity and makes the control flexible and faster. The simulation is conducted in MATLAB/SIMULINK while DSP TMS320LF2407 is employed in the digital implementation of hysteresis current control (HCC) for experimentation. The hardware results correlate with the simulation results in reducing the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the source current and achieving unity power factor.

关键词： shunt active filter (SAF)     power quality     voltage source inverter (VSI)     digital signal processor (DSP)     total harmonic distortion (THD)     power factor improvement    

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Anaerobic treatment of fresh leachate from a municipal solid waste incinerator by upflow blanket filter

Pinjing HE, Min LI, Suyun XU, Liming SHAO,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第4期   页码 404-411 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0149-6

摘要： This paper describes the feasibility of fresh leachate treatment by an upflow blanket filter (UBF). Through dilution and partial effluent recycling, the organic loading rates increased from 0.51to 14.56kg COD/(m·d), meanwhile the corresponding hydraulic retention time decreased from 9.0d to 3.6d. The reactor was able to achieve steady-state within 80d. Based on the distribution of COD fluxes in the process, it was concluded that anabolism was the main pathway of COD removal in the initial phase (1―33d), accounting for 57%―85% of total COD removed. As the anaerobic consortium of bacteria reached steady-state (after 70―86d), the majority of COD removed was transformed into methane, because the specific methane yield was close to the theoretical value (0.36L CH/(g COD)).

关键词： distribution of COD fluxes     effluent recycling     leachate     methane yield     organic loading rate     upflow blanket filter    

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Nitrification and denitrification in biological activated carbon filter for treating high ammonia source

LIU Jianguang, ZHANG Xiaojian, WANG Zhansheng

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第1期   页码 94-98 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0020-1

摘要： Since the ammonia in the effluent of the traditional water purification process could not meet the supply demand, the advanced treatment of a high concentration of 4-N micro-polluted source water by biological activated carbon filter (BACF) was tested. The filter was operated in the downflow manner and the results showed that the removing rate of NH4-N was related to the influent concentration of NH4-N. Its removing rate could be higher than 95% when influent concentration was under 1.0 mg/L. It could also decrease with the increasing influent concentration when the 4-N concentration was in the range from 1.5 to 4.9 mg/L and the dissolved oxygen (DO) in the influent was under 10 mg/L, and the minimum removing rate could be 30%. The key factor of restricting nitrification in BACF was the influent DO. When the influent NH4-N concentration was high, the DO in water was almost depleted entirely by the nitrifying and hetetrophic bacteria in the depth of 0.4 m filter and the filter layer was divided into aerobic and anoxic zones. The nitrification and degradation of organic matters existed in the aerobic zone, while the denitrification occurred in the anoxic zone. Due to the limited carbon source, the denitrification could not be carried out properly, which led to the accumulation of the denitrification intermediates such as NO2. In addition to the denitrification bacteria, the nitrification and the heterotrophic bacteria existed in the anoxic zone.
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Massively efficient filter for topology optimization based on the splitting of tensor product structure

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第17卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0710-6

摘要： In this work, we put forward a massively efficient filter for topology optimization (TO) utilizing the splitting of tensor product structure. With the aid of splitting technique, the traditional weight matrices of B-splines and non-uniform rational B-spline implicit filters are decomposed equivalently into two or three submatrices, by which the sensitivity analysis is reformulated for the nodal design variables without altering the optimization process. Afterwards, an explicit sensitivity filter, which is decomposed by the splitting pipeline as that applied to implicit filter, is established in terms of the tensor product of the axial distances between adjacent element centroids, and the corresponding sensitivity analysis is derived for elemental design variables. According to the numerical results, the average updating time for the design variables is accelerated by two-order-of-magnitude for the decomposed filter compared with the traditional filter. In addition, the memory burden and computing time of the weight matrix are decreased by six- and three-order-of-magnitude for the decomposed filter. Therefore, the proposed filter is massively improved by the splitting of tensor product structure and delivers a much more efficient way of solving TO problems in the frameworks of isogeometric analysis and finite element analysis.

关键词： topology optimization     isogeometric analysis     finite element analysis     tensor product structure     sensitivity analysis    

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CFD evaluation of pressure drop across a 3-D filter housing for industrial gas turbine plants

Fidelis I. ABAM,Samuel O. EFFIOM,Olayinka S. OHUNAKIN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第2期   页码 192-202 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0406-x

摘要： This paper investigated the flow distribution and total pressure drop across a designed 3-D filter housing integrated with a 3-stage filtration system using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The filter housing model was proposed for a heavy-duty industrial gas turbine plant operating at an average ambient temperature of 20°C.The pressure drops across the classes of filters were 652.8 Pa, 2692.2 Pa, 887.8 Pa, 776.2 Pa and 2304.2 Pa for I-GB, GB-GA, GA-FA, FA-HA, and HA-O, respectively. The results obtained indicated an acceptable total pressure drop of 7.2% for the entire filter housing before filter clean-up. Although the CFD simulation result shows that small outlet flow velocity and transonic flows exist at the outlet of the filter housing, the designed filter housing was proved compatible with the studied GT, for inlet flow conditions between 600≤ ≤610 kg/s and 60≤ ≤70 m/s for the air flow rate and velocity, respectively. Furthermore, the designed filter housing could be adopted for the studied GT and locations of Usan and Maiduguri in Nigeria, and other locations with similar environmental conditions.

关键词： computational fluid dynamics (CFD)     pressure drop     flow distribution     filter housing     gas turbine    

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Combined biologic aerated filter and sulfur/ceramisite autotrophic denitrification for advanced wastewater

Tian WAN,Guangming ZHANG,Fengwei DU,Junguo HE,Pan WU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第6期   页码 967-972 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0690-9

摘要： An innovative advanced wastewater treatment process combining biologic aerated filter (BAF) and sulfur/ceramisite-based autotrophic denitrification (SCAD) for reliable removal of nitrogen was proposed in this paper. In SCAD reactor, ceramisite was used as filter and Ca(HCO ) was used for supplying alkalinity and carbon source. The BAF-SCAD was used to treat the secondary treatment effluent. The performance of this process was investigated, and the impact of temperature on nitrogen removal was studied. Results showed that the combined system was effective in nitrogen removal even at low temperatures (8 °C). Removal of total nitrogen (TN), -N, N reached above 90% at room temperature. Nitrification was affected by the temperature and nitrification at low temperature (8 °C) was a limiting factor for TN removal. However, denitrification was not impacted by the temperature and the removal of -N maintained 98% during the experimental period. The reason of effective denitrification at low temperature might be the use of easily dissolved Ca(HCO ) and high-flux ceramisite, which solved the problem of low mass transfer efficiency at low temperatures. Besides, vast surface area of sulfur with diameter of 2–6 mm enhanced the rate of microbial utilization. The removal of nitrate companied with the production of , and the average concentration of was about 240 mg·L . These findings would be beneficial for the application of this process to nitrogen removal especially in the winter and cold regions.

关键词： autotrophic denitrification     biologic aerated filter (BAF)     sulfur/ceramisite-based autotrophic denitrification (SCAD)     advanced nitrogen removal    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Treating wastewater under zero waste principle using wetland mesocosms

Safaa M. Ezzat, Mohammed T. Mohammed T.

期刊论文

Implicit Heaviside filter with high continuity based on suitably graded THB splines

期刊论文

一种针对测试误差、参数误差和负荷突变故障分析的多功能动态状态估计器

Mehdi AHMADI JIRDEHI,Reza HEMMATI,Vahid ABBASI,Hedayat SABOORI

期刊论文

Anovel approach of noise statistics estimate using H∞ filter in target tracking

Xie WANG,Mei-qin LIU,Zhen FAN,Sen-lin ZHANG

期刊论文

Isolation and application of an ibuprofen-degrading bacterium to a biological aerated filter for the

Bingjie Xu, Gang Xue, Xing Yang

期刊论文

Rapid transaction to load variations of active filter supplied by PV system

M. BENADJA,S. SAAD,A. BELHAMRA

期刊论文

Effect of biological activated carbon filter depth and backwashing process on transformation of biofilm

Wanqi Qi, Weiying Li, Junpeng Zhang, Xuan Wu, Jie Zhang, Wei Zhang

期刊论文

Ceramic water filter for point-of-use water treatment in developing countries: Principles, challenges

Haiyan Yang, Shangping Xu, Derek E. Chitwood, Yin Wang

期刊论文

Influence of influent on anaerobic ammonium oxidation in an Expanded Granular Sludge Bed-Biological Aerated Filter

Daijun ZHANG, Cui BAI, Ting TANG, Qing YANG

期刊论文

A simple digital control algorithm for three phase shunt active filter: simulation and experimentation

Subbaraman SRINATH, Chandan KUMAR, M. P. SELVAN

期刊论文

Anaerobic treatment of fresh leachate from a municipal solid waste incinerator by upflow blanket filter

Pinjing HE, Min LI, Suyun XU, Liming SHAO,

期刊论文

Nitrification and denitrification in biological activated carbon filter for treating high ammonia source

LIU Jianguang, ZHANG Xiaojian, WANG Zhansheng

期刊论文

Massively efficient filter for topology optimization based on the splitting of tensor product structure

期刊论文

CFD evaluation of pressure drop across a 3-D filter housing for industrial gas turbine plants

Fidelis I. ABAM,Samuel O. EFFIOM,Olayinka S. OHUNAKIN

期刊论文

Combined biologic aerated filter and sulfur/ceramisite autotrophic denitrification for advanced wastewater

Tian WAN,Guangming ZHANG,Fengwei DU,Junguo HE,Pan WU

期刊论文